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coal improvement

Толкование Перевод

1 coal improvement

обогащение угля

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > coal improvement
2 coal improvement

обогащение угля

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > coal improvement
3 coal improvement

Техника: обогащение угля

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > coal improvement
4 coal improvement

обогащение угля

English-Russian mining dictionary > coal improvement
5 improvement

1) улучшение

2) усовершенствование; модернизация; реконструкция

3) благоустройство

4) мелиорация

•

-
channed improvement
-
coal improvement
-
design improvement
-
environmental improvement
-
land improvement
-
maintenance improvement
-
octane improvement
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river-bed improvement
-
track improvement

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > improvement
6 обогащение угля

coal benefication, coal cleaning, coal improvement, coal preparation

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > обогащение угля
7 обогащение угля

coal benefication, coal cleaning, coal preparation, coal improvement

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > обогащение угля
8 Garforth, William Edward

SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology

[br]

b. 1845 Dukinfield, Cheshire, England

d. 1 October 1921 Pontefract, Yorkshire, England

[br]

English colliery manager, pioneer in machine-holing and the safety of mines.

[br]

After Menzies conceived his idea of breaking off coal with machines in 1761, many inventors subsequently followed his proposals through into the practice of underground working. More than one century later, Garforth became one of the principal pioneers of machine-holing combined with the longwall method of working in order to reduce production costs and increase the yield of coal. Having been appointed agent to Pope \& Pearson's Collieries, West Yorkshire, in 1879, of which company he later became Managing Director and Chairman, he gathered a great deal of experience with different methods of cutting coal. The first disc machine was exhibited in London as early as 1851, and ten years later a pick machine was invented. In 1893 he introduced an improved type of deep undercutting machine, his "diamond" disc coal-cutter, driven by compressed air, which also became popular on the European continent.

Besides the considerable economic advantages it created, the use of machinery for mining coal increased the safety of working in hard and thin seams. The improvement of safety in mining technology was always his primary concern, and as a result of his inventions and his many publications he became the leading figure in the British coal mining industry at the beginning of the twentieth century; safety lamps still carry his name. In 1885 he invented a firedamp detector, and following a severe explosion in 1886 he concentrated on coal-dust experiments. From the information he obtained of the effect of stone-dust on a coal-dust explosion he proposed the stone-dust remedy to prevent explosions of coal-dust. As a result of discussions which lasted for decades and after he had been entrusted with the job of conducting the British coal-dust experiments, in 1921 an Act made it compulsory in all mines which were not naturally wet throughout to treat all roads with incombustible dust so as to ensure that the dust always consisted of a mixture containing not more than 50 per cent combustible matter. In 1901 Garforth erected a surface gallery which represented the damaged roadways of a mine and could be filled with noxious fumes to test self-contained breathing apparata. This gallery formed the model from which all the rescue-stations existing nowadays have been developed.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1914. LLD Universities of Birmingham and Leeds 1912. President, Midland Institute 1892–4. President, The Institution of Mining Engineers 1911–14. President, Mining Association of Great Britain 1907–8. Chairman, Standing Committee on Mining, Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Fellow of the Geological Society of London. North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers Greenwell Silver Medal 1907. Royal Society of Arts Fothergill Gold Medal 1910. Medal of the Institution of Mining Engineers 1914.

Bibliography

1901–2, "The application of coal-cutting machines to deep mining", Transactions of the Federated Institute of Mining Engineers 23: 312–45.

1905–6, "A new apparatus for rescue-work in mines", Transactions of the Institution of Mining Engineers 31:625–57.

1902, "British Coal-dust Experiments". Paper communicated to the International Congress on Mining, Metallurgy, Applied Mechanics and Practical Geology, Dusseldorf.

Further Reading

Garforth's name is frequently mentioned in connection with coal-holing, but his outstanding achievements in improving safety in mines are only described in W.D.Lloyd, 1921, "Memoir", Transactions of the Institution of Mining Engineers 62:203–5.

WK

Biographical history of technology > Garforth, William Edward
9 Buddle, John

SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology

[br]

b. 15 November 1773 Kyloe, Northumberland, England

d. 10 October 1843 Wallsend, Northumberland, England

[br]

English colliery inspector, manager and agent.

[br]

Buddle was educated by his father, a former schoolteacher who was from 1781 the first inspector and manager of the new Wallsend colliery. When his father died in 1806, John Buddle assumed full responsibility at the Wallsend colliery, and he remained as inspector and manager there until 1819, when he was appointed as colliery agent to the third Marquis of Londonderry. In this position, besides managing colliery business, he acted as an entrepreneur, gaining political influence and organizing colliery owners into fixing prices; Buddle and Londonderry were also responsible for the building of Seaham harbour. Buddle became known as the "King of the Coal Trade", gaining influence throughout the important Northumberland and Durham coalfield.

Buddle's principal contribution to mining technology was with regard to the improvement of both safety standards and productivity. In 1807 he introduced a steam-driven air pump which extracted air from the top of the upcast shaft. Two years later, he drew up plans which divided the coalface into compartments; this enabled nearly the whole seam to be exploited. The system of compound ventilation greatly reduced the danger of explosions: the incoming air was divided into two currents, and since each current passed through only half the underground area, the air was less heavily contaminated with gas.

In 1813 Buddle presented an important paper on his method for mine ventilation to the Sunderland Society for Preventing Accidents in Coal-mines, which had been established in that year following a major colliery explosion. He emphasized the need for satisfactory underground lighting, which influenced the development of safety-lamps, and assisted actively in the experiments with Humphrey Davy's lamp which he was one of the first mine managers to introduce. Another mine accident, a sudden flood, prompted him to maintain a systematic record of mine-workings which ultimately resulted in the establishment of the Mining Record Office.

[br]

Bibliography

1838, Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland 11, pp. 309–36 (Buddle's paper on keeping records of underground workings).

Further Reading

R.L.Galloway, 1882, A History of Coalmining in Great Britain, London (deals extensively with Buddle's underground devices).

R.W.Sturgess, 1975, Aristocrat in Business: The Third Marquis of Londonderry as

Coalowner and Portbuilder, Durham: Durham County Local History Society (concentrates on Buddle's work after 1819).

C.E.Hiskey, 1978, John Buddle 1773–1843, Agent and Entrepreneur in the Northeast

Coal Trade, unpublished MLitt thesis, Durham University (a very detailed study).

WK

Biographical history of technology > Buddle, John
10 Stephenson, George

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, England

d. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England

[br]

English engineer, "the father of railways".

[br]

George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.

In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.

In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.

It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.

During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.

In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.

On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.

At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.

In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.

The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.

Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.

Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.

Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.

He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.

Bibliography

1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).

1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).

Further Reading

L.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).

S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Stephenson, George
11 production

n

1) изготовление; производство

2) продукция

3) производительность

•

to be engaged in production — быть занятым в сфере производства

to boost agricultural production — стимулировать сельскохозяйственное производство

to bring production up to full capacity — доводить производство до полной мощности

to curtail production — сокращать производство

to cut (back) production — свертывать / сокращать производство

to decrease the costs of production — снижать издержки производства

to develop production — развивать производство

to diversify production — диверсифицировать / разнообразить продукцию

to ensure production to full capacity — полностью загружать производственные мощности

to escalate arms production — увеличивать производство оружия

to establish an optimal rate of production — устанавливать оптимальный уровень производства

to estimate the volume of production — определять объем производства

to expand production — расширять производство

to gear production to the new demand — выпускать продукцию с учетом спроса

to gear up production — увеличивать выпуск продукции

to generate production — производить продукцию

to halt production — приостанавливать производство

to increase production — расширять производство

to keep production going — продолжать выпуск продукции

to limit production — ограничивать / сокращать производство

to lower the costs of production — снижать издержки производства

to maximize the production of oil — максимально увеличивать добычу нефти

to organize production — организовывать производство

to pool production — объединять производство

to possess the means of production — владеть средствами производства

to put smth into mass production — начинать серийное производство чего-л., запускать что-л. в серию

to raise the standard of production — повышать качество производства

to rationalize production — рационализировать производство

to reduce production — свертывать / сокращать производство

to shut down production — прекращать производство

to stimulate agricultural production — стимулировать сельскохозяйственное производство

- agricultural production
- anarchy of production
- animal production
- annual production
- arms production
- atomic power and energy production
- automation of production
- batch production
- coal production
- commercial production
- commodity production
- comprehensive mechanization of production
- continuous production
- costs of production
- crop production
- current production
- curtailment ofproduction
- cutback of production
- cuts in production
- daily production
- decline in production
- domestic production
- drop in production
- economically effective production
- effectiveness of production
- end production
- energy production
- expansion of production

- fabricated production
- fertilizer production
- fishing production
- flexible production
- flow production
- food production
- full-scale production of the neutron bomb
- global production
- high production
- high-cost production
- highly organized production
- highly remunerative production
- improvement of effectiveness of production
- improvement of production
- individual production
- industrial production
- joint production
- labor-intensive production
- lagging industrial production
- large-scale production
- level of production

- limited production
- line production
- machine mode of production
- mass production
- material production
- means of production
- mechanized production
- mode of production
- nonspecialized production
- nonwaste production
- per capita production
- per head production
- pilot production
- planned production
- power production
- production advances rapidly
- production declines
- production decreases
- production falls
- production increases
- production of consumer goods
- production of illicit alcohol
- production of means of production
- production outstrips demand
- production rises
- profitable production
- public production
- rate of production
- runaway production
- scale of production
- self-reliance in production
- self-sufficiency in production
- serial production
- short-run production
- small-scale production
- social character of production
- social production
- socialization of production

- specialized production
- sphere of material production
- stagnant production
- steel production
- structure of industrial production
- subsidiary production
- subsistence production
- switchover from military to civilian production
- technical reequipment of production
- technology of production

- technology-intensive production
- total world production
- unequally distributed food production
- uninterrupted development of production
- unprofitable production
- volume of production

- volume production
- war production
- waste-free production
- wasteful production
- wasteless production
- well organized production
- world production

Politics english-russian dictionary > production
12 advance

ədˈvɑ:ns
1. сущ.
1) движение вперед, продвижение Syn: progression
2) воен. наступление (against, on, to, towards) Our troops made an advance against the enemy. ≈ Наши войска наступали на врага.
3) успех, прогресс, достижение It is a very great advance on all your former writing. ≈ Это огромный шаг вперед по сравнению со всем, что вы до этого написали. Syn: improvement, progress
1.
4) сближение( с кем-л.;
попытка завязать более тесные отношения) ;
мн. заигрывания, ухаживания Men don't make 'advances' any longer. Modern man propositions a girl. ≈ Мужчины больше не 'ухаживают'. Современный мужчина сразу же делает девушке гнусное предложение. Syn: overture, approaches
5) рост, повышение (стоимости, цены и т. п.)
6) аванс, авансирование;
ссуда, заем money advance ≈ денежная ссуда advance free of interest ≈ беспроцентная ссуда Syn: loan
1.
7) амер. брифинг, устроенный перед основным мероприятием;
приготовления (особ. рекламного характера) к визиту (государственного деятеля и т. п.)
8) предварение;
упреждение (состояние или нахождение перед, впереди, раньше, заранее;
преим. во фразе:) in advance be in advance
9) электр. опережение по фазе
2. гл.
1) двигать вперед, продвигать to advance the table to the middle of the room ≈ продвинуть стол в середину комнаты Man has advanced the frontier of physical science. ≈ Человек продвинул вперед границы физики. to advance a pawn ≈ продвигать пешку Syn: further
3.
2) а) продвигаться вперед;
воен. наступать( against, on, upon) The crevasses as I advanced became more deep and frequent. ≈ По мере того, как я продвигался вперед, расселины в леднике становились все глубже и встречались все чаще. The enemy advanced with fixed bayonets. ≈ Неприятель наступал с примкнутыми штыками. The forces of the enemy advanced against us. ≈ На нас наступали силы противника. Troops are advancing on the capital. ≈ Войска продвигаются к столице. The enemy advanced upon Rome, and at last conquered it. ≈ Противник наступал на Рим и наконец захватил его. б) выделяться, выступать( о свойстве цвета быть более ярким по сравнению с другими соседствующими с ним цветами)
3) продвигать, содействовать, способствовать to advance the cause of freedom ≈ содействовать делу свободы to advance interests ≈ содействовать кому-л. или чьим-л. интересам Syn: further
3., promote, help on
4) делать успехи, развиваться to advance in knowledge ≈ углублять знания to advance in technique ≈ совершенствовать технику/приемы advance in popularity ≈ становиться более популярным, завоевывать популярность advance in years ≈ стареть
5) вносить, выдвигать (план, предложение и т. п.) to advance a new plan ≈ выдвинуть новый план He advanced а very convincing argument. ≈ Он привел очень убедительное доказательство. Syn: put forward, put forth, bring forward, propose, offer
2.
6) переносить на более ранний срок;
ускорять, убыстрять They advanced the date of their arrival. ≈ Они перенесли дату своего приезда на более ранний срок. to advance the hour-hand ≈ передвигать часовую стрелку вперед Syn: hasten, accelerate
7) платить авансом;
ссужать We advanced a month's salary to him. (We advanced him a month's salary.) ≈ Мы выплатили ему месячную зарплату вперед. to advance money to smb. ≈ ссужать кого-л. деньгами Syn: lend
8) повышать в звании, в должности;
помещать в более выгодную позицию, в более выгодные условия и т. п. He was advanced to the rank of corporal. ≈ Он был повышен до капрала. His eagerness to advance his family may well have offended others. ≈ Его старание протащить свою семью может обидеть других. to advance in rank ≈ получать более высокое звание Syn: prefer
9) а) повышать (цену) to advance prices by 10 per cent ≈ повысить цены на десять процентов The bank has advanced the rate of discount to 5%. ≈ Банк повысил процент учета до пяти. б) повышаться (в цене) coal (sugar, bread, etc.) advances ≈ уголь (сахар, хлеб и т. п.) дорожает to advance in price ≈ дорожать, повышаться в цене ∙ advance to advance towards
3. прил.
1) передовой;
передний;
головной( о вагонах) ;
продвинутый( о курсе обучения) ;
продвинутый, подготовленный( об учащихся, студентах и т. п.) advance guard ≈ передовой отряд
2) предварительный, заблаговременный;
выплаченный авансом advance payment ≈ аванс advance sale ≈ предварительная продажа( билетов) advance edition ≈ предварительное издание
продвижение, движение вперед;
- * of glacier наступление ледника;
- * * of an epidemic распространение эпидемии;
- * of waves( физическое) распространение волн;
- * of old age приближение старости (военное) наступление;
- * in force наступление крупными силами;
- * of the main attack развитие главного удара;
- to sound the * давать сигнал к атаке;
- * on the enemy's position наступление на вражеские позиции (военное) продвижение от рубежа к рубежу;
- * by bounds продвижение скачками( техническое) опережение;
учреждение, предварение прогресс;
успех;
улучшение;
- days of * век прогресса;
- industrial * индустриальный прогресс, успехи промышленности;
- * of science прогресс науки;
- technological * технический прогресс;
- great *s in space travel большой шаг вперед в области космических полетов повышение, рост;
- * in the cost of living повышение стоимости дизни;
- * on cottons рост цен на хлопчатобумажные изделия продвижение;
- * in rank повышение в звании;
- * in office повышение по службе - * to the position of chairman выдвижение на должность председателя аванс;
ссуда;
- in * авансом;
- to pay in * платить заранее, выдавать аванс;
- the bank makes *s банк предоставляет ссуды;
- * on salary аванс в счет заработной платы обыкн. pl заигрывание, попытки завязать дружбу;
- to encourage smb.'s *s поощрять чье-л ухаживание;
- to make * заигрывать, делать авансы;
идти навстречу;
- to repel smb's *s отвергать чьи-л ухаживания (американизм) предварительная подготовка, подготовительные мероприятия заранее подготовленный репортаж предварительно разосланный или розданный текст( военное) передовые силы (геология) трансгрессия > in * заранее, заблаговременно;
> in * of smth. впереди чего-л;
раньше чего-л;
> to be in * идти вперед, спешить( о часах) ;
> to be in * of smb. прийти раньше кого-л;
опередить кого-л;
> well in * ушедший намного вперед;
> Galileo was well in * of his time Галилей намного опередил свое время задолго, заранее;
заблаговременно;
- to reserve tickets well in * заблаговременно заказать билеты передний, передовой, головной;
- * section of a train головная часть поезда;
сделанный, выданный, выплаченный заранее, заблаговременно;
- * notice заявление об уходе с работы;
уведомление об увольнении;
объявление о предстоящем поступлении книги в продажу предварительный, опережающий;
забегающий вперед;
- * booking резервирование( комнат в гостинице) ;
предварительный заказ( билетов) ;
- * information предварительные сведения;
- * copy текст предстоящего выступления;
(полиграфия) сигнальный экземпляр продвигаться, идти вперед, наступать;
- he *d on me in a threatening manner он угрожающе двинулся на меня;
- to * at a great rate быстро двигаться вперед;
- to * in years стареть (военное) наступать двигать вперед, продвигать;
- to * the puck (спортивное) вести шайбу;
- to * the date переносить день на более ранний срок;
- we *d the date of departure from July 20 to July 10 мы перенесли день отъезда с 20-го на 10-е июля передвигать стрелки часов вперед;
- all clocks should be *d one hour стрелки всех часов должны быть передвинуты на час вперед способствовать (чему-л) ;
приближать, ускорять;
- to * growth ускорять рост;
- to * one's interests энергично отстаивать свои интересы;
проталкивать свои дела делать успехи;
продвигаться;
развиваться;
- to * in knowledge накапливать зания;
- to * in skill повышать квалификацию;
- to * in rank (военное) получить следующее звание;
- as the work *s по мере выполнения работы продвигать;
- he was *d to the position of manager его теперь назначили управляющим;
- to * smb. from lieutenant to the rank of captain присвоить лейтенанту звание капитана;
повышать (цену) ;
- the bank has *d the rate of discount to 15 % банк повысил процент учета до 15 % повышаться, возрастать;
- coal *d цена на уголь повысилась ссужать деньги;
- he *d me $50 он дал мне взаймы 50 долларов платить авансом;
- to * a month's salary выплатить месячную зарплату авансом выдвигать;
- to * an opinion высказать мнение;
- to * a claim заявить претензию (американизм) проводить предварительные мероприятия по организации выступлений, встречи, приема политического деятеля, кандидата в президенты (техническое) наращивать( физическое) опережать( по фазе)

advance аванс ~ авансировать ~ возрастать ~ выдвигать (предложение, возражение) ~ выдвигать ~ выдвигать (предложение) ~ давать ссуду ~ движение вперед ~ делать успехи, развиваться ~ делать успехи ~ заем ~ идти вперед ~ воен. наступать ~ воен. наступление ~ эл. опережение по фазе ~ переносить на более ранний срок, ускорять;
they advanced the date of their arrival они перенесли дату своего приезда на более ранний срок ~ платить авансом ~ платить авансом ~ повышать(ся) (в цене) ;
the bank has advanced the rate of discount to 5% банк повысил процент учета до пяти ~ повышать по службе ~ повышать цену ~ повышение (цен и т. п.) ~ повышение цен ~ предварение;
упреждение (тж. тех.) ;
in advance вперед, заранее ~ предоставлять заем ~ приближать ~ прогресс ~ продвигать(ся) (по службе) ~ продвигаться ~ продвигаться вперед ~ продвижение (по службе) ~ продвижение ~ продвижение вперед ~ продвижение вперед ~ продвижение по службе ~ развиваться ~ рост ~ способствовать ~ ссуда;
аванс ~ ссуда ~ ссужать ~ ссужать деньги ~ увеличение ~ улучшение ~ ускорять ~ успех, прогресс;
улучшение

~ attr. авансовый;
advance notes ком. авансовые тратты;
to make advances делать авансы, предложения;
идти навстречу( в чем-л.)

~ in current account аванс на текущем банковском счете

~ attr. авансовый;
advance notes ком. авансовые тратты;
to make advances делать авансы, предложения;
идти навстречу (в чем-л.)

~ on current account system система контокоррентного кредита

~ on receivables аванс под дебиторскую задолженность ~ on receivables аванс под счета дебиторов

~ on securities аванс под ценные бумаги

bank ~ банковская ссуда bank ~ банковский аванс

~ повышать(ся) (в цене) ;
the bank has advanced the rate of discount to 5% банк повысил процент учета до пяти

banker ~ банковская ссуда

to be in ~ идти вперед, спешить (о часах) to be in ~ опередить, обогнать

carriage ~ вчт. перемещение каретки carriage ~ вчт. продвижение каретки

commission paid in ~ комиссионные, уплаченные заранее

current account ~ кредит по открытому счету

freight ~ аванс фрахта

further ~ дальнейшее продвижение

~ предварение;
упреждение (тж. тех.) ;
in advance вперед, заранее in ~ авансом in ~ досрочно in ~ заблаговременно in ~ заранее

in ~ of (smth.) впереди (чего-л.) in ~ of (smth.) раньше (чего-л.)

item ~ вчт. поэлементное продвижение

line ~ вчт. перевод строки

~ attr. авансовый;
advance notes ком. авансовые тратты;
to make advances делать авансы, предложения;
идти навстречу (в чем-л.)

mortgage ~ ссуда под залог

mortgage plus ~ залог и аванс

~ переносить на более ранний срок, ускорять;
they advanced the date of their arrival они перенесли дату своего приезда на более ранний срок

wage ~ аванс

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > advance
13 bit

I noun
1) (for horse) Gebiss, das; Gebissstange, die

take the bit between one's teeth — (fig.) aufmüpfig werden (ugs.)

2) (of drill) [Bohr]einsatz, der; Bohrer, der
II noun
1) (piece) Stück, das; (smaller) Stückchen, das

a little bit — ein kleines Stückchen

a bit of cheese/sugar/wood/coal — ein bisschen od. etwas Käse/Zucker/ein Stück Holz/etwas Kohle

a bit of trouble/luck — ein wenig Ärger/Glück

the best bits — die besten Teile

it cost quite a bit — es kostete ziemlich viel

bit by bit — Stück für Stück; (gradually) nach und nach

smashed to bits — in tausend Stücke zersprungen

bits and pieces — Verschiedenes

do one's bit — seinen Teil tun

2)

a bit — (somewhat)

a bit tired/too early — ein bisschen müde/zu früh

a little bit, just a bit — ein klein bisschen

quite a bit — um einiges [besser, stärker, hoffnungsvoller]

3)

a bit of — (rather)

be a bit of a coward/bully — ein ziemlicher Feigling sein/den starken Mann markieren (ugs.)

a bit of a disappointment — eine ganz schöne Enttäuschung

4) (short time)

[for] a bit — eine Weile

wait a bit longer — noch ein Weilchen warten

5) (short distance)

a bit — ein Stückchen

a bit closer — ein bisschen näher

6) (Amer.)

two/four/six bits — 25/50/75 Cent
III noun
(Computing) Bit, das
IV
see academic.ru/7197/bite">bite 1., 2.

* * *
[bit]
past tense; = bite

* * *

bit¹

[bɪt]

n ( fam)

1. (piece) Stück nt; ( fig: some)

a \bit of advice ein Rat m

a \bit of news eine Neuigkeit f

\bits of glass Glasscherben pl

\bits of paper Papierfetzen pl

little \bits [of metal] [Metall]stückchen pl

to blow sth to \bits etw zerfetzen

to come [or fall] to \bits kaputtgehen fam

to smash sth to \bits etw zerschmettern [o zertrümmern]

to tear sth to \bits etw zerfetzen [o in Stücke reißen

2. (part) Teil m; of a story, film Stelle f

to do one's \bit seinen Teil beitragen, das Seinige tun

\bit by \bit Stück für Stück, nach und nach

I saved up the money \bit by \bit ich habe mir das Geld Groschen für Groschen zusammengespart

we rebuilt the house over years \bit by \bit wir haben das Haus über die Jahre Stein für Stein wieder aufgebaut

3. (a little)

▪ a \bit ein bisschen [o wenig]

to hear a \bit of news about sb/sth Neuigkeiten über jdn/etw erfahren

to have a \bit put away einiges auf der hohen Kante haben

a [little] \bit of cake/affection ein [kleines] bisschen [o ein [klein] wenig] Kuchen/Zuneigung

I'll have to do a \bit of shopping ich muss noch ein paar Kleinigkeiten einkaufen

to be a \bit tired ein bisschen müde sein

just a \bit ein klein bisschen [o wenig

4. (rather)

▪ a \bit ziemlich

he's put on a \bit of weight er hat ziemlich zugenommen

he's a \bit of a bore er ist ein ziemlicher Langweiler

he's a \bit of a poet er ist gar kein so schlechter Dichter

the house is a \bit like a Swiss chalet das Haus sieht ein bisschen wie ein Schweizer Chalet aus

that was a \bit much das war ein starkes Stück

that was a \bit too much of a coincidence das konnte kein Zufall mehr sein

to be a \bit of an artist künstlerisch ziemlich begabt sein

to be a \bit of a nuisance/problem ziemlich lästig/problematisch sein

5.

a [fair] \bit [or [quite] a \bit] (very) ziemlich, ganz schön fam; (a lot) ziemlich [o fam ganz schön] viel

he's a good \bit older than his wife er ist um einiges älter als seine Frau

[quite] a \bit of money/rain/time ziemlich [o fam ganz schön viel] viel Geld/Regen/Zeit

[quite] a \bit late/expensive ziemlich [o fam ganz schön] spät/teuer

6. (while)

▪ a \bit ein Weilchen

I'm just going out for a \bit ich gehe mal kurz raus fam

I'll come along in a \bit ich komme gleich nach

hold on [or wait] a \bit warte mal [kurz]

7. (in negations)

▪ not a \bit kein bisschen

not the least [or slightest] \bit kein bisschen

but not a \bit of it! BRIT aber nicht die Spur! fam

to be not a \bit of help/use kein bisschen helfen/nützen

to be not the slightest [or not a] \bit tired kein bisschen müde sein

8. pl BRIT

\bits and pieces [or BRIT also bobs] (odds and ends) Krimskrams m fam

\bits and pieces (belongings) [Sieben]sachen pl; (affairs) Sachen pl

sewing \bits and pieces Nähutensilien pl

9. (coin)

threepenny/sixpenny \bit BRIT ( hist) Dreipence-/Sixpencestück nt

two \bits AM ( dated) 25 Cents

10.

▶ to be a \bit of all right BRIT ( dated sl) große Klasse sein fam

▶ every \bit as... as... genauso... wie...

to be every \bit as clever as sb/difficult as sth genauso klug wie jd/schwierig wie etw sein

▶ to be every \bit a gentleman/politician durch und durch ein Gentleman/Politiker sein

▶ to be a \bit of fluff [or skirt] [or stuff] BRIT ( dated sl) eine dufte Biene sein veraltend fam

▶ to go to \bits [völlig] zusammenbrechen

▶ she was his \bit on the side for several years BRIT (sl) sie war jahrelang seine heimliche Geliebte

▶ to be thrilled to \bits ganz aus dem Häuschen sein fam

bit²

[bɪt]

vt, vi pt of bite

bit³

[bɪt]

n Trense f; ( fig)

she was chafing at the \bit waiting for the moment when she could visit her boyfriend sie konnte es kaum erwarten, ihren Freund besuchen zu dürfen

▶ to have [or get] [or take] the \bit between one's teeth (start working) sich akk an die Arbeit machen; (become rebellious) aufmüpfig werden; (try hard) sich akk mächtig anstrengen [o SCHWEIZ a. in's Zeug legen] fam

bit⁴

[bɪt]

n (drill) [Bohrer]einsatz m; (chisel) Meißel m

bit⁵

[bɪt]

n COMPUT Bit nt

* * *
I [bɪt]
n

1) (for horse) Gebiss(stange f) nt

to take the bit between one's teeth (fig) — sich ins Zeug legen

See:

→ champ

2) (of drill) (Bohr)einsatz m, Bohrer m; (of plane) (Hobel)messer nt

3) (of key) (Schlüssel)bart m
II
1. n

1) (= piece) Stück nt; (smaller) Stückchen nt; (of glass also) Scherbe f; (= section of book, film, symphony) Teil m; (part or place in book, drama, text, symphony etc) Stelle f

a few bits of furniture — ein paar Möbelstücke

a bit of bread — ein Stück Brot

I gave my bit to my sister — ich habe meiner Schwester meinen Teil gegeben

this is the bit I hate, he said, taking out his wallet — das tue ich gar nicht gern, sagte er und zückte seine Brieftasche

would you like a bit of ice cream? — möchten Sie etwas or ein bisschen Eis?

there's a bit of truth in what he says — daran ist schon etwas Wahres

a bit of advice/luck/news — ein Rat m/ein Glück nt/eine Neuigkeit

we had a bit of trouble/excitement — wir hatten ein wenig Ärger/Aufregung

I only read a bit of the novel — ich habe nur ein bisschen or Stückchen von dem Roman gelesen

don't you feel the slightest bit of remorse? — hast du denn nicht die geringsten Gewissensbisse?

it did me a bit of good — das hat mir geholfen

it might be a bit of help — das könnte eine kleine Hilfe sein

it wasn't a bit of help — das war überhaupt keine Hilfe

I've experienced quite a bit in my life — ich habe in meinem Leben schon ( so) einiges erlebt

there's quite a bit of work left to do/bread left — es ist noch eine ganze Menge Arbeit zu erledigen/Brot da

to do the work in bits and pieces — die Arbeit stückchenweise machen

the bits and pieces — die einzelnen Teile

bring all your bits and pieces —

to pick up the bits and pieces (fig) — retten, was zu retten ist

to come or fall to bits — kaputtgehen, aus dem Leim gehen

to pull or tear sth to bits (lit) — etw in (tausend) Stücke reißen; (fig) keinen guten Faden an etw (dat) lassen

to go to bits (fig inf) — durchdrehen (inf)

See:

→ bob

2)

(with time) a bit — ein Weilchen nt

he's gone out for a bit — er ist ein Weilchen or mal kurz weggegangen

3)

(with cost) a bit — eine ganze Menge

it cost quite a bit — das hat ganz schön (viel) gekostet (inf)

4)

to do one's bit — sein( en) Teil tun

look, you're not doing your bit — hör mal zu, du setzt dich nicht genügend ein

5)

a bit of a crack/bruise etc — ein kleiner Riss/Fleck etc

he's a bit of a rogue/an expert — er ist ein ziemlicher Schlingel/ein Fachmann

he's a bit of a musician — er ist gar kein schlechter Musiker

she's a bit of a connoisseur —

you're a bit of an idiot, aren't you? — du bist ganz schön dumm

he's got a bit of a nerve! — der hat vielleicht Nerven!

it's a bit of a nuisance — das ist schon etwas ärgerlich

now that's a bit of an improvement — das ist schon besser

6)

bit by bit — Stück für Stück

he's every bit a soldier/Frenchman — er ist durch und durch Soldat/Franzose

it/he is every bit as good as... — es/er ist genauso gut, wie...

not a bit of it — keineswegs, keine Spur (inf)

7)

when it comes to the bit — wenn es drauf ankommt

8) (= coin) (Brit) Münze f

2/4/6 bits (US) — 25/50/75 Cent(s)

9) (Brit inf) Tussi f (sl)

2. adv

a bit — ein bisschen, etwas

were you angry? – a bit — haben Sie sich geärgert? – ja, schon etwas or ein bisschen

wasn't she a little bit surprised? — war sie nicht etwas erstaunt?

I'm not a (little) bit surprised — das wundert mich überhaupt nicht or kein bisschen (inf)

he wasn't a bit the wiser for it — danach war er auch nicht viel klüger or schlauer

quite a bit — ziemlich viel

that's quite a bit better — das ist schon besser

he's improved quite a bit — er hat sich ziemlich gebessert
III
n (COMPUT)
Bit nt IV pret See: of bite
* * *

bit¹ [bıt]

A s

1. Gebiss n (am Pferdezaum):

take the bit between ( oder in) one’s teeth

a) durchgehen (Pferd),

b) fig aufsässig werden,

c) fig sich reinknien umg, sich mächtig anstrengen; → chafe B 1, champ¹ B

2. TECH schneidendes oder packendes Werkzeugteil:

a) Bohrer(spitze) m(f), Stich m, Meißel m, Schneide f

b) Hobeleisen n

c) Backe f, Maul n (der Zange etc)

d) (Schlüssel) Bart m

3. Mundstück n (einer Tabakspfeife, Zigarettenspitze etc)

B v/t

1. einem Pferd das Gebiss anlegen

2. fig zügeln

bit² [bıt] s

1. a) Stückchen n:

bits of broken glass Glassplitter;

fall to bits entzweigehen, zerbrechen;

pull ( oder pick, tear) to bits

a) in Stücke reißen,

b) fig eine Äußerung etc zerpflücken;

a bit ein bisschen, ein wenig, etwas;

a bit dull ziemlich langweilig; → thick A 15

c) besonders Br Stück n, Teil m, (eines Films etc) Szene f

2. umg Augenblick m, Moment m:

wait a bit;

after a bit nach einem Weilchen

3. umg (kleine) Münze:

twopenny bit; → two bits

4. auch bit part THEAT etc kleine (Neben)RolleBesondere Redewendungen: a bit of all right bes Br umg

a) schwer in Ordnung, ein prima Kerl, eine prima Sache,

b) ein sexy oder steiler Zahn;

he is a bit of a comedian er hat etwas von einem Komödianten (an sich);

a bit of a coward ziemlich feig(e);

be a bit of a coward about pain ganz schöne Angst vor Schmerzen haben;

a bit of a fool ein bisschen dumm;

it was a bit of a job to do it es war ganz schön anstrengend oder schwierig, das zu tun;

a bit of good luck ein glücklicher Zufall;

a bit of a mystery eine ziemlich rätselhafte Geschichte;

not a bit keine Spur, ganz und gar nicht, nicht im Geringsten, überhaupt nicht;

not a bit! keine Spur!;

a good bit ein tüchtiges Stück;

quite a bit ziemlich viel;

bit by bit

a) Stück für Stück,

b) nach und nach, allmählich;

do one’s bit

a) seine Pflicht (u. Schuldigkeit) tun,

b) seinen Beitrag leisten;

he’s doing the boss bit umg er spielt sich als Boss auf;

you misunderstood every bit of it das hast du ganz und gar missverstanden;

every bit as good ganz genau so gut;

one’s bits and pieces ( oder bobs) umg seine Siebensachen;

have a bit on the side umg einen Freund oder eine Freundin haben, fremdgehen; → crumpet 2 b, fluff A 5, mind A 4, skirt A 2 a, understatement

bit³ [bıt] s IT Bit n (eine Informationseinheit):

bit density Bitdichte f

bit⁴ [bıt] prät und obs pperf von bite

* * *
I noun
1) (for horse) Gebiss, das; Gebissstange, die

take the bit between one's teeth — (fig.) aufmüpfig werden (ugs.)

2) (of drill) [Bohr]einsatz, der; Bohrer, der
II noun
1) (piece) Stück, das; (smaller) Stückchen, das

a little bit — ein kleines Stückchen

a bit of cheese/sugar/wood/coal — ein bisschen od. etwas Käse/Zucker/ein Stück Holz/etwas Kohle

a bit of trouble/luck — ein wenig Ärger/Glück

the best bits — die besten Teile

it cost quite a bit — es kostete ziemlich viel

bit by bit — Stück für Stück; (gradually) nach und nach

smashed to bits — in tausend Stücke zersprungen

bits and pieces — Verschiedenes

do one's bit — seinen Teil tun

2)

a bit — (somewhat)

a bit tired/too early — ein bisschen müde/zu früh

a little bit, just a bit — ein klein bisschen

quite a bit — um einiges [besser, stärker, hoffnungsvoller]

3)

a bit of — (rather)

be a bit of a coward/bully — ein ziemlicher Feigling sein/den starken Mann markieren (ugs.)

a bit of a disappointment — eine ganz schöne Enttäuschung

4) (short time)

[for] a bit — eine Weile

wait a bit longer — noch ein Weilchen warten

5) (short distance)

a bit — ein Stückchen

a bit closer — ein bisschen näher

6) (Amer.)

two/four/six bits — 25/50/75 Cent
III noun
(Computing) Bit, das
IV
see bite 1., 2.

* * *

n.

Bit -s n.

English-german dictionary > bit
14 cutting

1. n резание; разрезание; вырезание

cutting of the teeth — прорезывание зубов

coal resistance to cutting — сопротивляемость угля резанию

resultant cutting speed — результирующая скорость резания

external screw thread cutting — нарезание наружной резьбы

cutting efficiency — производительность процесса резания

laser cutting machine — лазерная установка для резания

2. n надрез, разрез

web cutting point — место разрезки бумажной ленты

cutting mark — метка разреза, обрезная метка

cutting program — программа разрезки стопы

cutting layout — формуляр разрезки бумаги

web cutting — поперечная разрезка ленты

3. n вырезка

light cutting — резка металла малой толщины

cutting and bending — резка и гибка арматуры

cutting by blowtorch — резка паяльной лампой

mask cutting system — система вырезки масок

plasma arc cutting — плазменно-дуговая резка

4. n вырезанная фигура

curious cuttings in wood — искусно вырезанные фигуры из дерева

5. n снижение, уменьшение

cutting of prices — снижение цен

price cutting — снижение цен

rate cutting — уменьшение нормы

cutting down momentum — снижение темпа

cost cutting — снижение издержек производства

cutting inventory — снижение оборотных фондов

6. n спец. резка; тесание; гранение; высечка

robotic cutting — роботизированная резка

scrapless cutting — безостаточная порезка

constricted arc cutting — плазменная резка

multiburner cutting — многорезаковая резка

powder cutting — кислородно-флюсовая резка

7. n кино монтаж; резка

tungsten-arc cutting — дуговая резка вольфрамовым электродом

transverse-longitudinal cutting — поперечно-продольная резка

oxy-L.-P. gas cutting — кислородная резка на жидком горючем

cutting and forming shop — цех резки и обработки материалов

annular cutting — резка диском с режущей внутренней кромкой

8. n стр. выемка

railway cutting — выемка железнодорожного пути

coal cutting — комбайновая выемка угля

9. n горн. зарубка, подрубка

hard cutting — крепкая зарубка

select cutting — выборочная рубка

mechanical cutting — механическая зарубка

percussion cutting — зарубка ударной врубовой машиной

10. n стр. черпание

11. n опилки; обрезки; высечки; стружки

tube cutting burner — резак для резки труб

cutting pad — прижимная подушка для обрезки

cutting tray — поддон для улавливания стружки

cutting wedge — прижимная подушка для обрезки

arc cutting electrode — электрод дуговой резки

12. n рубка или валка

caisson cutting shoe — нож кессона или опускного колодца

improvement cutting — улучшающая выборочная вырубка

cutting regulator — регулятор положения линии рубки

cutting roll — вал ротационной высекальной секции

press cutting — газетная или журнальная вырезка

13. n отходы лесорубки

14. n черенок, отводок

cutting of a vine — черенок виноградной лозы

stem cutting — стеблевой черенок

shoot cutting — побеговый черенок

cutting propagation — разведение черенками

15. n выход на свободное место

cutting into place — занятие своего места в строю

cutting behind the enemy — выход в тыл противника

cutting region — зона резания

cutting stroke — рабочий ход

cutting zone — зона резания

16. a режущий

the cutting edge of a knife — лезвие ножа

square cutting tool — режущий инструмент квадратного сечения

shankless cutting tool — режущий инструмент без хвостовика

cutting shoe — выступающая режущая кромка пробоотборника

cutting tool with inserted blades — режущий инструмент

linear cutting edge — суммарная длина режущей кромки

17. a пронизывающий

18. a колкий, резкий, язвительный

cutting remark — резкое замечание

water jet cutting station — станция водоструйной резки

tuker cutting machine — машина для резки клубнеплодов

foil cutting machine — машина для резки фольги

film cutting machine — станок для резки плёнки

cutting tip — наконечник для резки

Синонимический ряд:

1. biting (adj.) acerbic; acid; acidic; acrid; biting; caustic; clear-cut; crisp; incisive; ingoing; mordacious; mordant; penetrating; peppery; pungent; satirical; scathing; searching; shrill; slashing; stinging; trenchant; truculent; vitriolic; vituperative

2. sharp (adj.) keen; penetrative; piercing; pointed; sharp

3. limb (noun) branch; leaf; limb; root; shoot; slip; trim

4. carving (verb) carving; cleaving; dissecting; dissevering; severing; splitting; sundering

5. cutting (verb) chopping; clipping; cropping; cut back; cut down; cutting; cutting down; felling; hewing; lopping; lowering; marking down; mowing; paring; pruning; reducing; shaving; shearing; skipping; trimming

6. gashing (verb) gashing; incising; piercing; slashing; slicing; slitting

7. operating (verb) opening up; operating

8. sheering (verb) sheering; skewing; sluing; swerving; veering; yawing

9. shortening (verb) abbreviating; abridging; curtailing; cutting back; retrenching; shortening

10. shunning (verb) ostracizing; rebuffing; shunning; snubbing; spurning

11. watering (verb) attenuating; diluting; thinning; watering; weakening

English-Russian base dictionary > cutting
15 small

smo:l
adjective

1) (little in size, degree, importance etc; not large or great: She was accompanied by a small boy of about six; There's only a small amount of sugar left; She cut the meat up small for the baby.) pequeño

2) (not doing something on a large scale: He's a small businessman.) pequeño

3) (little; not much: You have small reason to be satisfied with yourself.) poco

4) ((of the letters of the alphabet) not capital: The teacher showed the children how to write a capital G and a small g.) minúsculo

•

- small ads
- small arms
- small change
- small hours
- smallpox
- small screen
- small-time
- feel/look small

small adj pequeño

a small child un niño pequeño

their flat is smaller than ours su piso es más pequeño que el nuestro

small

tr[smɔːl]

adjective

1 (not large) pequeño,-a, chico,-a

■ this skirt is too small for me esta falda me va pequeña

■ we live in a small flat vivimos en un piso pequeño

■ it's just a small present sólo es un regalito

■ get the small table coge la mesita

2 (in height) bajo,-a, pequeño,-a

■ he's a small man es un hombre bajito

■ she's quite small for her age es bastante pequeña para su edad

3 (young) joven, pequeño,-a

■ when I was small cuando era pequeño

■ small children niños pequeños

4 (reduced - sum, number) reducido,-a, módico,-a; (slight, scant) escaso,-a, poco,-a

■ I want you to work in small groups quiero que trabajéis en grupos reducidos

■ we paid small attention prestamos poca atención

■ it's small comfort es un triste consuelo

5 (small-scale) pequeño,-a

■ small business pequeño comercio

■ small investor pequeño inversor

6 (unimportant, trivial) sin importancia, de poca importancia, insignificante

■ you've made a few small mistakes has hecho unos errores sin importancia

7 (not capital) minúscula

■ with a small t con t minúscula

8 (mean, petty) mezquino,-a

adverb

1 pequeño

■ cut it up small córtalo en trocitos

plural noun smalls

1 dated (underwear) paños nombre masculino plural menores, ropa f sing interior

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

(it's) small wonder that... no me extraña (nada) que...

in a small voice con la boca pequeña

in the small hours a altas horas de la madrugada

it's a small world el mundo es un pañuelo

to have a small appetite no ser de mucho comer

to feel small sentirse humillado,-a

to make somebody look small dejar a alguien en ridículo, humillar a alguien

a small fortune un dineral nombre masculino

small ads anuncios nombre masculino plural por palabras, pequeños anuncios nombre masculino plural

small arms armas nombre masculino plural portátiles

small change cambio, monedas nombre femenino plural sueltas

small fry gente nombre femenino de poca monta

small of the back región nombre femenino lumbar

small print letra menuda, letra pequeña

small screen pequeña pantalla

small talk charla, charloteo

small ['smɔl] adj

1) : pequeño, chico

a small house: una casa pequeña

small change: monedas de poco valor

2) trivial: pequeño, insignificante

small

adj.

• chico, -a adj.

• chiquito, -a adj.

• corto, -a adj.

• insignificante adj.

• menudo, -a adj.

• mezquino, -a adj.

• meñique adj.

• minúsculo, -a adj.

• parvo, -a adj.

• pequeño, -a adj.

• párvulo, -a adj.

• reducido, -a adj.

adv.

• en miniatura adv.

n.

• cochitril s.m.

I smɔːl
adjective -er, -est

1)

a) ( in size) pequeño, chico (esp AmL)

to cut something up small — cortar algo en trocitos (pequeños)

a small waist — una cintura muy estrecha

small letters — letras fpl minúsculas

he's a conservative with a small `c' — es de ideas conservadoras en el sentido amplio de la palabra

the small screen — la pequeña pantalla, la pantalla chica (AmL)

to be small beer o (AmE also) small potatoes: for him $2,000 is small beer — para él 2.000 dólares no son nada or son poca cosa

b) (in number, amount, value) < family> pequeño, chico (esp AmL); <sum/price> módico, reducido

c) ( not much)

they have small chance of succeeding — tienen pocas probabilidades de lograrlo

small wonder! — no es de extrañar, no me extraña

2)

a) (unimportant, trivial) <mistake/problem> pequeño, de poca importancia

b) (humble, modest)

to start in a small way — empezar* de forma muy modesta

to feel small — sentirse* insignificante or (fam) poca cosa

I'm sorry, he said in a small voice — -lo siento -dijo en un hilo de voz

II

noun

1)

the small of the back — región baja de la espalda, que corresponde al segmento dorsal de la columna vertebral

2) smalls pl (BrE colloq & dated) ropa f interior, paños mpl menores (hum)

[smɔːl]
1. ADJ
(compar smaller) (superl smallest)
1) (=not big) [object, building, room, animal, group] pequeño, chico (LAm); (in height) bajo, pequeño, chaparro (LAm); [family, population] pequeño, poco numeroso; [audience] reducido, poco numeroso; [stock, supply] reducido, escaso; [waist] estrecho; [clothes] de talla pequeña; [meal] ligero; [coal] menudo

the dress is too small for her — el vestido le viene pequeño or chico

the smaller of the two — el menor (de los dos)

with a small "e" — con "e" minúscula

• to have a small appetite — no ser de mucho comer, comer poco

• to become or get or grow smaller — [income, difficulties, supply, population, amount] disminuir, reducirse; [object] hacerse más pequeño

mobile phones are getting smaller — los teléfonos móviles son cada vez más pequeños

• to break/ cut sth up small — romper algo en trozos pequeños/cortar algo en trocitos

• to get or grow smaller, until the small hours — hasta altas horas de la noche

• to be small in size — [country] ser pequeño; [animal, object] ser de pequeño tamaño; [room] ser de dimensiones reducidas

• in small letters — en minúsculas

• this house makes the other one look small — esta casa hace que la otra se quede pequeña

• to make o.s. small — achicarse

to make sth smaller — [+ income, difficulties, supply, population, amount] reducir algo; [+ object, garment] reducir algo de tamaño, hacer algo más pequeño

• the smallest room — euph hum el excusado

- be small beer or small potatoes

it was small beer compared to the money he was getting before — no era nada or era poca cosa comparado con lo que ganaba antes
world 1., 1), wee I
2) (=minor) [problem, mistake, job, task] pequeño, de poca importancia; [contribution] pequeño; [difference, change, increase, improvement] pequeño, ligero

• to start in a small way — empezar desde abajo

3) (=inconsequential)

• to feel small — sentirse insignificante

• to make sb look small — rebajar a algn

• she said in a small voice — dijo con un hilo de voz

4) (=young) [child, baby] pequeño, chico (esp LAm)

when we were small — cuando éramos pequeños or chicos

5) frm (=slight, scant) poco

• to be small comfort or consolation (to sb) — servir de poco consuelo (a algn)

• to be of small concern (to sb) — importar poco (a algn)

• to have small hope of success — tener pocas esperanzas de éxito

• a matter of small importance — un asunto de poca importancia
measure 1., 6), wonder 1., 2)
2. N

1)

• the small of the back — la región lumbar

2) smalls (Brit) * (=underwear) ropa fsing interior or (esp LAm) íntima

3.

ADV

• don't think too small — piensa más a lo grande

• try not to write so small — intenta no escribir con una letra tan pequeña

4.

CPD

small ad N — (Brit) anuncio m por palabras

small arms NPL — armas fpl ligeras de bajo calibre

small business N — pequeña empresa f

the small businessman N — el pequeño empresario

small capitals NPL — (Typ) (also: small caps) versalitas fpl

small change N — suelto m, cambio m, calderilla f, sencillo m (LAm), feria f (Mex) *

small claims court N — tribunal m de instancia (que se ocupa de asuntos menores)

small end N — (Aut) pie m de biela

small fry * N —

to be small fry — ser de poca monta

small intestine N — intestino m delgado

small investor N — pequeño(-a) inversionista mf

small print N — letra f menuda

small screen N — pequeña pantalla f, pantalla f chica (LAm)

small talk N — charla f, charloteo * m

• to make small talk — charlar, charlotear *

small town N — (US) ciudad f pequeña
SMALL
Position of "pequeño"
► Peq ueño usually follows the noun when making implicit or explicit comparison with something bigger:
He picked out a small melon Escogió un melón pequeño
At that time, Madrid was a small city En aquella época Madrid era una ciudad pequeña ► When used more subjectively with no attempt at comparison, peq ueño u sually precedes the noun:
But there's one small problem... Pero existe un pequeño problema...
She lives in the little village of La Granada Vive en el pequeño pueblo de La Granada For further uses and examples, see main entry
* * *

I [smɔːl]
adjective -er, -est

1)

a) ( in size) pequeño, chico (esp AmL)

to cut something up small — cortar algo en trocitos (pequeños)

a small waist — una cintura muy estrecha

small letters — letras fpl minúsculas

he's a conservative with a small `c' — es de ideas conservadoras en el sentido amplio de la palabra

the small screen — la pequeña pantalla, la pantalla chica (AmL)

to be small beer o (AmE also) small potatoes: for him $2,000 is small beer — para él 2.000 dólares no son nada or son poca cosa

b) (in number, amount, value) < family> pequeño, chico (esp AmL); <sum/price> módico, reducido

c) ( not much)

they have small chance of succeeding — tienen pocas probabilidades de lograrlo

small wonder! — no es de extrañar, no me extraña

2)

a) (unimportant, trivial) <mistake/problem> pequeño, de poca importancia

b) (humble, modest)

to start in a small way — empezar* de forma muy modesta

to feel small — sentirse* insignificante or (fam) poca cosa

I'm sorry, he said in a small voice — -lo siento -dijo en un hilo de voz

II

noun

1)

the small of the back — región baja de la espalda, que corresponde al segmento dorsal de la columna vertebral

2) smalls pl (BrE colloq & dated) ropa f interior, paños mpl menores (hum)

English-spanish dictionary > small
16 supply

1. n
1) снабжение; поставка

2) запасы; сырье и материалы; ресурсы

3) эк. предложение

•

to affect supply — оказывать влияние на предложение

to allow only humanitarian supplies through — разрешать провоз только гуманитарных грузов

to be in supply — поступать в достаточном количестве

to block supplies — препятствовать поставкам

to cut down on supplies of raw materials — сокращать поставки сырья

to cut off supplies — прекращать поставки

to deliver technical supplies — осуществлять технические поставки

to disrupt food supplies — нарушать поставки продовольствия

to ferry supplies to a country — перебрасывать поставки в страну

to fly in supplies — доставлять предметы снабжения по воздуху

to halt supplies — прекращать поставки

to hamper supplies — препятствовать снабжению

to improve food supplies — улучшать снабжение продовольствием

to keep supplies away from smb — препятствовать снабжению кого-л.

to run short of supplies — истощать запасы

- adequate supply
- alternative power supplies
- ample supplies
- arms supply
- available supplies
- consignment of supplies for smb
- cutting off supplies from a country
- distribution of relief supplies
- drop in supply
- emergency food supplies
- energy supply
- excess supply
- expendable supply
- food supply
- improvement of food supplies
- in short supply
- international relief supplies
- labor supply
- lack of basic supplies and services
- level of supply
- maintenance supplies
- massive supply
- military supplies to a country
- moratorium on arms supplies
- nonlethal supplies
- office supplies
- poor supply
- relief food supplies
- scanty supply
- scientific supplies
- short supply
- source of supply
- supply and demand
- supply exceeds demand
- supply of arms is critical to the war
- supply of labor
- supply of resources
- supply outstrips demand
- supplies on hand
- technical supply
- water supply
- world coal supplies 2. v
снабжать, обеспечивать, поставлять

to supply a demand — удовлетворять спрос

to supply smb with military secrets — снабжать кого-л. секретной военной информацией

Politics english-russian dictionary > supply
17 work

[wə:k] 1. noun
1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) delo

2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) delo

3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) delo

4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) delo

5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) delo

6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) delo
2. verb
1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) delati; priganjati k delu

2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) delati

3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) delovati; upravljati

4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) delovati

5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) s težavo napredovati

6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) postajati bolj in bolj

7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) izdelati

•

- - work
- workable
- worker
- works 3. noun plural
1) (the mechanism (of a watch, clock etc): The works are all rusted.) mehanizem

2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) dela

•

- work-basket
- work-box
- workbook
- workforce
- working class
- working day
- work-day
- working hours
- working-party
- work-party
- working week
- workman
- workmanlike
- workmanship
- workmate
- workout
- workshop
- at work
- get/set to work
- go to work on
- have one's work cut out
- in working order
- out of work
- work of art
- work off
- work out
- work up
- work up to
- work wonders
* * *
I [wə:k]
noun

(telesno ali duševno) delo; ukvarjanje, ustvarjanje, dejavnost; posel, zaposlitev; naloga; (žensko) ročno delo; delovni proces, rezultat dela, proizvod, izdelek; izdelava, obdelava, način izdelave; delovna sposobnost; težak posel, trud, muka; pogon (stroja); plural stavbna dela, stavbišče; javna dela; military utrdbe, utrdbena dela; (singular construction) tovarna, fabrika, obrat, delavnica; talilnica, livarna; technical mehanizem, gonilo, kolesje, zobčasti prenos; plural religion dobra dela

in work — zaposlen; (ki je) v pogonu (obratu)

out of work — brez dela, brezposeln, nezaposlen

a work of art — umetniško delo, umetnina

a work of genius — genialno delo

works of a clock — mehanizem ure

the works of Bach — Bachova dela

works of mercy — dobrodelna dela

earth works architecture zemeljska dela

good works — dobra dela

iron works — talilnica železa, železarna

Minister of Works — minister za javna dela

glass works — steklarna

gas works — plinarna

Public Works — javna dela

out works architecture zunanja dela

stone works — zidarska dela

upper works nautical nadvodni del ladje; vrhnja gradba, deli ladje nad zgornjo palubo

wood works — lesena konstrukcija, leseni deli hiše, leseni predmeti

shock-work — udarniško delo

to be out of work — biti brez dela, biti brezposeln

to be at work — delati, delovati, funkcionirati

it's all in the day's work — to ni (prav) nič nenavadnega, to je normalno, to je del (vsako)-dnevnega dela

to cease ( —ali to stop) work — nehati z delom

I did a good day's work — veliko sem naredil danes

to give s.o. the works American colloquially ozmerjati, premlatiti koga

to get ( —ali to set) to work — lotiti se dela, začeti delati

to go ( —ali to set) about one's work — lotiti se svojega dela

to have plenty of work to do — imeti mnogo dela

I have my work cut out for me — imam polne roke dela

to make sad work of it figuratively vse uničiti

to make short ( —ali quick) work of — hitro opraviti z, hitro obvladati

that is your work — to je tvoja naloga

to look for work — iskati delo
II
() [wə:k]

1.

transitive verb

delati (na čem), izdel(ov)ati, obdelati; narediti, proizvesti, proizvajati; poetically umetniško izdelati; plesti, tkati, izdelati na statvah; šivati; vesti; oblikovati, (iz)kovati; tiskati; mesiti; kopati (rudo), obdelovati (zemljo); commerce poslovati, poslovno potovati (po nekem področju); slang prodati; plačati (potovanje) z delom; preiskati, raziskati; mathematics izračunati, rešiti (nalogo); vplivati na (koga), nagovarjati (koga); slang prevarati, oslepariti; izvesti, uresničiti, izvršiti, povzročiti; streči (topu, stroju); uporabljati (žival) za delo, vpreči; izkoriščati (rudnik); pustiti koga, da težko dela; premikati, poganjati, gnati, goniti

to work o.s. to death — ubi(ja)ti se z delom, garati

to work o.s. into s.o.'s favour — pridobiti si naklonjenost kake osebe

to work o.s. into a rage — pobesneti

to work the bellows — goniti meh

to work a farm — voditi farmo (kmetijo)

to work a change — izvršiti, povzročiti spremembo

to work wonders — delati čuda (čudeže)

to work one's will — uresničiti svojo voljo

can you work the screw loose? — lahko zrahljate vijak?

to work (one's way) through college — sam se vzdrževati med študijem

my partner works the Liverpool district — moj družabnik potuje (poslovno) na področju Liverpoola

to work a slave to death — do smrti priganjati sužnja k delu, ubiti ga z delom

servants are not worked now as they were formerly — od služinčadi se danes ne zahteva več toliko dela kot nekoč

to work a crane — upravljati z žerjavom

to work a coal seam — izkoriščati plast premoga

to work a ship — upravljati ladjo

to work one's way — pot si utreti (napraviti)

these machines are worked by steam — te stroje poganja para

it is a good scheme, but can you work it? — to je dober načrt, toda, ali ga lahko izvedete?

this belief has worked much evil — to verovanje je povzročilo mnogo zla

the candidate works the district — kandidat opravlja volilno kampanjo v okrožju

to work one's passage nautical zaslužiti svoj prevoz z delom

to work one's horses — priganjati konje k delu

to work one's social relations in business — izkoriščati svoje družabne zveze poslovno;

2.

intransitive verb

delati, delovati, biti zaposlen (s čim); baviti se (s čim); truditi se; funkcionirati, posrečiti se, uspeti; razviti se, dozoreti; vreti; biti v pogonu, delati (stroj), prijemati eden v drugega (zobata kolesa); šivati, vesti (vezem); prebijati se (z delom); razvleči se; trzati (se) (obraz); mahati (s čim); težko, z muko se premikati, gibati; nautical križariti; besneti, biti razburkan (morje); figuratively krčevito delati

to work against time — delati v tekmi s časom

to work like a dog ( —ali horse —ali nigger) — delati kot črna živina

my stove works well — moja peč dobro dela

your method won't work — z vašo metodo ne boste uspeli

I tried but it did not work — poskušal sem, a ni se mi posrečilo

the poison began to work — strup je začel delovati

to work into a crowd — vriniti se v množico

to work loose — zrahljati se (vijak itd.)

waves work to and fro — valovi so razburkani

to work double tides — delati podnevi in ponoči

that won't work with me — to ne bo vplivalo name (vžgalo pri meni);

English-Slovenian dictionary > work
18 trade

1) торговля || торговать

2) отрасль торговли; отрасль производства; отрасль промышленности; промышленность

3) торговцы; торговые круги

4) розничная торговля

5) розничные торговцы

6) профессия; ремесло

7) соглашение, сделка; обмен || менять, обменивать

8) мор. рейс || совершать рейс (о грузовых судах)

- for the trade

- trade in commodities

- trade is depressed

- trade is slack

- be in trade

- trade fixed assets for current assets

- trade on the equity

- promote trade

- restrict trade

- revive trade

- allied trade

- balanced trade

- barter trade

- bilateral trade

- brisk trade

- building trade

- carriage trade

- carrying trade

- cash trade

- coal trades

- coasting trade

- coastwise trade

- colonial trade

- commission trade

- compensatory trade

- competitive trade

- cross trades

- depressed trade

- direct transit trade

- distributive trade

- domestic trade

- East-West trade

- entrepot trade

- external trade

- fair trade

- fall trade

- favored trade

- foreign trade

- foreign-to-foreign trades

- free trade

- frontier trade

- general trade

- handicraft trade

- home trade

- homeward trades

- illicit trade

- improvement trade

- indirect transit trade

- inland trade

- instalment trade

- interior trade

- intermediate trade

- internal trade

- interregional trade

- key trades

- land trade

- mail-order trade

- money trade

- multilateral trade

- outward trades

- oversea trade

- printing trade

- retail trade

- retail delivery trade

- seed trade

- service trade

- skilled trade

- small-scale trades

- special trade

- spring trade

- sweated trades

- tally trade

- tourist trade

- visible trade

- wholesale trade

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > trade
19 advance

1. n продвижение, движение вперёд

advance of glacier — наступление ледника

advance of an epidemic — распространение эпидемии

netting an advance — продвижение

wall advance — продвижение забоя

armored advance — продвижение танков

covered advance — прикрыл продвижение

cover advance — прикрывать продвижение

2. n воен. наступление

advance in force — наступление крупными силами

bogging an advance — задерживание наступления

carry forward advance — развивать наступление

direction of advance — направление наступления

carrying forward advance — развитие наступления

carried forward the advance — развил наступление

3. n воен. продвижение от рубежа к рубежу

advance by bounds — продвижение скачками

still advance — продвижение стоп-кадра

expedite advance — ускорять продвижение

expedited advance — ускорил продвижение

hamper advance — затруднять продвижение

item advance — поэлементное продвижение

4. n тех. опережение; упреждение, предварение

ignition advance — опережение зажигания

advance of release — предварение выпуска

advance of admission — предварение впуска

advance control — регулирование опережения

automatic advance — автоматическое опережение

5. n прогресс; успех; улучшение

days of advance — век прогресса

industrial advance — индустриальный прогресс, успехи промышленности

advance of science — прогресс науки

significant advance — значительный успех

technical advance — технический прогресс

mechanical advance — технический прогресс

advance in the talks — успехи на переговорах

advance forward in gymnastic — делать успехи в гимнастике

6. n повышение, рост

advance in the cost of living — повышение стоимости жизни

advance in price — повышение цены

advance in rank — повышение в звании

advance in the priesthood — повышение в чинах священства

7. n аванс; ссуда

in advance — авансом

to pay in advance — платить заранее, выдавать аванс

advance sum — аванс

card advance — аванс

advance money — ссуда

advance account — счет ссуд

cash advance — наличный аванс

8. n амер. предварительная подготовка, подготовительные мероприятия

advance guarantee — предварительная гарантия

advance outfitting — предварительное насыщение

advance subscription — предварительная подписка

advance information — предварительная информация

advance overworking — предварительная надработка

9. n заранее подготовленный репортаж

far in advance — заранее

discount in advance — заранее учитывать

payable in advance — выплачиваемый заранее

thank you in advance — заранее благодарить

thanking you in advance — заранее благодарить

10. n предварительно разосланный или розданный текст

advance estimate — предварительная смета

advance mortgage — предварительный залог

advance edition — предварительное издание

advance commitment — предварительное обязательство

advance refunding — предварительное рефинансирование

11. n воен. передовые силы

трансгрессия

to be in advance — идти вперёд, спешить

advance base — передовая база

advance post — передовой пост

advance dump — передовой склад

advance party — передовая группа

advance waste bank — передовой отвал

12. a передний, передовой, головной

advance section of a train — головная часть поезда

advance section — головной участок

advance overburden pile — передовой отвал

advance repair shop — головная ремонтная мастерская

13. a предварительный, опережающий; забегающий вперёд

advance booking — резервирование ; предварительный заказ

advance cut — опережающий вруб

advance lever — опережающий рычаг

advance bore — опережающая скважина

advance heading — опережающий штрек

advance call — предварительный вызов

14. v продвигаться, идти вперёд, наступать

he advanced on me in a threatening manner — он угрожающе двинулся на меня

net an advance — продвигаться

command to advance — приказ наступать

lead the advance — продвигаться в первом эшелоне

to order troops to advance — дать приказ войскам наступать

15. v воен. наступать

to advance at the double — продвигаться ускоренным шагом; наступать бегом

16. v двигать вперёд, продвигать

to advance the puck — вести шайбу

to lead the advance — двигаться в голове наступающих войск

17. v передвигать стрелки часов вперёд

all clocks should be advanced one hour — стрелки всех часов должны быть передвинуты на час вперёд

18. v способствовать; приближать, ускорять

to advance growth — ускорять рост

19. v делать успехи; продвигаться; развиваться

to advance in knowledge — накапливать знания

to advance in skill — повышать квалификацию

to carry forward the advance — развивать наступление

carry forward the advance — развивать наступление

make advance — вносить аванс; делать предложение

continue to advance — продолжать развиваться

press the advance — развивать наступление

20. v продвигать

he was advanced to the position of manager — его теперь назначили управляющим

21. v повышать

the bank has advanced the rate of discount to 15% — банк повысил процент учёта до 15%

be on the advance — повышаться

22. v повышаться, возрастать

coal advanced — цена на уголь повысилась

23. v ссужать деньги

he advanced me ?50 — он дал мне взаймы 50 фунтов

24. v платить авансом

advance on receivables — аванс под дебиторскую задолженность

payment to the supplier in advance — аванс поставщику

domestic cash advance — внутренний "наличный аванс "

advance against payments — аванс в счет платежей

advance on securities — аванс под ценные бумаги

25. v выдвигать

to advance an opinion — высказать мнение

advance an objection — выдвигать возражение

26. v тех. наращивать

27. v физ. опережать

Синонимический ряд:

1. prior (adj.) antecedent; anterior; precedent; preceding; prior

2. loan (noun) allowance; credit; loan

3. progress (noun) advancement; anabasis; furtherance; headway; march; ongoing; proficiency; progress; stride

4. progression (noun) approach; course; impetus; lead; moving forward; procedure; procession; progression; way

5. promotion (noun) betterment; boost; enlargement; enrichment; gain; hike; improvement; increase; increment; jump; price rise; promotion; raise; rise

6. proposal (noun) offer; offering; overture; proposal; proposition; suggestion; tender

7. accelerate (verb) accelerate; bring forward; hasten; precipitate; quicken; speed up; update

8. adduce (verb) adduce; allege; cite; lay; present

9. come (verb) come; come along; get along; get on; march; move; proceed; progress

10. improve (verb) flourish; grow; improve; increase; make progress; thrive

11. loan (verb) lend; loan; offer

12. move forward (verb) go forward; move forward; move on; push forward; set forward

13. promote (verb) dignify; elevate; exalt; jump; prefer; profit; promote; raise; upgrade

14. propose (verb) bring to view; broach; deliver; introduce; propose; propound; submit; suggest

15. rise (verb) ascend; climb; mount; rise

16. urge (verb) better; encourage; forward; foster; further; serve; urge

17. before (other) ahead; before; beyond; going before; precedent; preceding; prepublication

Антонимический ряд:

degrade; demote; depress; halt; hesitate; hinder; oppose; recall; recede; retard; retreat; retrogress; return; stand; stop; withhold

English-Russian base dictionary > advance
20 Deacon, Henry

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology, Textiles

[br]

b. 30 July 1822 London, England

d. 23 July 1876 Widnes, Cheshire, England

[br]

English industrial chemist.

[br]

Deacon was apprenticed at the age of 14 to the London engineering firm of Galloway \& Sons. Faraday was a friend of the family and gave Deacon tuition, allowing him to use the laboratories at the Royal Institution. When the firm failed in 1839, Deacon transferred his indentures to Nasmyth \& Gaskell on the Bridgewater Canal at Patricroft. Nasmyth was then beginning work on his steam hammer and it is said that Deacon made the first model of it, for patent purposes. Around 1848, Deacon joined Pilkington's, the glassmakers at St Helens, where he learned the alkali industry, which was then growing up in that district on account of the close proximity of the necessary raw materials, coal, lime and salt. Wishing to start out on his own, he worked as Manager at the chemical works of a John Hutchinson. This was followed by a partnership with William Pilkington, a former employer, who was later replaced by Holbrook Gaskell, another former employer. Deacon's main activity was the manufacture of soda by the Leblanc process. He sought improvement by substituting the ammonia-soda process, but this failed and did not succeed until it was perfected by Solvay. Deacon did, however, with his Chief Chemist F.Hurter, introduce improvements in the Leblanc process during the period 1866–70. Hydrochloric acid, which had previously been a waste product and a nuisance, was oxidized catalytically to chlorine; this could be converted with lime to bleaching powder, which was in heavy demand by the textile industry. The process was patented in 1870.

[br]

Further Reading

D.W.F.Hardie, 1950, A History of the Chemical Industry in Widnes, London. J.Fenwick Allen, 1907, Some Founders of the Chemical Industry, London.

LRD

Biographical history of technology > Deacon, Henry

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